This review focuses on the association between cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) and dysbiosis of the infant gut microbiome, along with the benefits of using synbiotics with hypoallergenic formulae.

The review identified four randomized controlled trials comparing an amino acid formula (AAF) with an AAF containing synbiotics (AAF-Syn) in infants with CMPA. Both formulas were equally effective in managing allergic symptoms and promoting normal growth. However, infants fed AAF-Syn had significantly fewer infections and hospital admissions compared to those fed AAF, potentially leading to cost savings per infant. AAF-Syn was associated with specific changes in gut bacteria, similar to healthy breastfed infants, which may contribute to the improved clinical outcomes.

The review provides evidence that combining synbiotics with AAF can offer clinical benefits with potential economic implications.