This article reviewed the role of probiotics in preventing mastitis during lactation, a condition that threatens breastfeeding continuity. It outlines the clinical presentation of mastitis—including acute, subclinical, and chronic forms—and discusses diagnostic strategies, treatment options, and differential diagnoses such as breast engorgement. The review highlights clinical studies showing that probiotic supplementation with strains like Ligilactobacillus salivarius PS2 during late pregnancy and early lactation reduced mastitis incidence by up to 58%. While probiotics lowered bacterial counts in breast milk and reduced inflammation-related symptoms, further investigation is needed to confirm mechanisms and optimize usage.

This article is reused under a Creative Commons license from: Fernández, G., Santagada, A.L., Vecchiarelli, C., Vinderola, G. "Lactation, mastitis, and probiotics." Arch Argent Pediatr. 2025; e202410490. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5546/aap.2024-10490.eng. No changes were made to the article.