Plant-based diets rich in dietary fibre, micronutrients and bioactive compounds can positively influence the composition and metabolic functions of the human gut microbiota, supporting intestinal barrier integrity, immune regulation and overall metabolic health.
Higher consumption of plant-derived nutrients and bioactive compounds, including complex carbohydrates, plant proteins, vitamins and phytochemicals, is associated with greater microbial diversity and the production of beneficial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which may help regulate inflammation, support intestinal health and contribute to the prevention of chronic diseases. The findings highlight the importance of dietary quality and sustained consumption of a variety of plant foods in supporting a diverse and functionally beneficial gut microbiota.
Key words: Plant-based diets, Human gut microbiota, Gut microbiome, Microbial composition, Chronic disease prevention, Dietary fibre
Key learning objectives and takeaways for healthcare professionals
This scientific review offers HCPs evidence-based insights into the relationship between plant-based dietary patterns and the composition and functions of the human gut microbiota. It explores how plant-derived nutrients and bioactive compounds influence microbial diversity, metabolite production and intestinal health, and how these mechanisms may contribute to chronic disease prevention. Some of the key concepts discussed by the authors include:
- The microbial profile characteristic for individuals following a plant-rich diets and its impact on metabolic functions.
- The role of gut microbiota in metabolic health and chronic disease prevention, including potential links between greater microbial diversity and improved composition, reduced inflammation, lower BMI and improved cardiometabolic health.
- The differences in nutritional composition between plant-rich and Western dietary patterns and their potential effects on microbial diversity, the production of beneficial metabolites and intestinal barrier function.
- How dietary fibre, resistant starch and phytochemicals support microbial metabolism, including the production of SCFAs or neurotransmitters such as dopamine and norepinephrine.
- The importance of consuming a variety of whole plant foods, including fruits, vegetables, wholegrains, legumes, nuts and seeds, to support microbial diversity and beneficial metabolic activity.
Access the Full Resource
Download the resource. Discover detailed evidence, practical implications, and additional expert insights that go beyond this overview, helping you further expand your knowledge.
This publication is shared under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits use, sharing, and adaptation with appropriate credit to the original authors.
