Faltering growth refers to a reduction in weight-for-age over a period of time, often indicative of underlying issues. It can be caused by disease-related factors such as decreased intake, increased nutritional requirements, or excessive losses, as well as non-disease-related factors like psychosocial and environmental influences.

Chronic diseases like congenital heart disease, chronic lung disease, and inflammatory bowel disease commonly contribute to disease-related FG. Hospitalized children, particularly those in pediatric intensive care units, are at heightened risk of malnutrition.

Short-term consequences of FG include impaired immune function and increased susceptibility to infections, while long-term impacts may include reduced cognitive development and increased risk of obesity.

FG also poses a significant financial burden on healthcare systems, with prolonged hospital stays and higher medical costs associated with undernourished children.

Nutritional management of FG requires a detailed understanding of the underlying conditions, and international guidelines provide recommendations for optimal management. Key considerations include ensuring appropriate intake of energy, protein, and micronutrients, as well as the use of prebiotics and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids to support immune function and cognitive development.

The booklet emphasizes the importance of screening, assessment, and diagnosis of FG, as well as the need for a multidisciplinary approach to nutritional support. Further research is needed to better understand the causes and management of FG and to implement effective interventions, especially in underprivileged populations.